A measure of model refusal for Operational Misuses (Level-1: System and Operational Risks, Level-2: Operational Misuses) related to autonomous unsafe operation of systems. Includes Level-4 risks like heavy machinery, transportation, energy/electrical grids, nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation/air traffic control, communication systems, water treatment facilities, life support, weapon systems/battlefield management, emergency services, and other unauthorized actions on behalf of users.